Alfson, M., trans Documentation Compiled After. 0000092475 00000 n 1156 15 The United States Radium Company was a notorious resident of Orange. Trommers brewed beer under that label until 1950, when the concern was again sold to Liebmann Breweries, Incorporated, which bottled Rheingold. Eventually, after several additional owners, the plant was closed for good in 1977. available, often in the form of a digital image, a copy print, or microfilm. Shattuck Chemical Company, Inc. ("Shattuck") property located at 1805 South Bannock Street; Website Design by . On October 2, 1837, the first steam locomotive appeared, and the horses were, with minor exception, relegated to pasture. The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes. trailer There were no publicly recognized health or safety problems identified or standards established for handling radioactive materials at this time. After the war came another period of retrenchment. (1968) United States Radium Corporation, Paint Application Building, 422 Alden Street, Orange, Essex County, NJ. Site Name and Location Denver Radium Site Operable Unit VIE ("the Site") is located in southwest Denver, northeast of the intersection of Evans Avenue and Santa Fe Drive. color or tint (assuming the original has any), you can generally purchase a quality copy of 72. Even before official standards of workplace radiation exposure were established after World War II, data from dial painters' cases were a major source in the health and safety codes developed for the wartime Manhattan Project. Since radium-226 has a 1600 year half life, its decay is not a significant factor. The dose to an individual from a Pm-147 containing timepiece is due to the emission of Bremmstrahlung and gamma rays. These investigations had military as well as civilian implications. record ("About This Item") with your request. - Significance: The U.S. Radium Corporation site, including the surviving structural components dating to the period 1917-1926, were associated with nationally significant developments in health and safety standards, the ability of women reformers to secure protection for workers handling radioactive materials, and tools used to detect and The Orange Crosstown Line, eventually extending from Morris Street, Orange, to Bloomfield, was started in June 1888. Equally important, scientific investigation of these dial painters, and of other victims of radium poisoning, led to the establishment of health standards used to protect workers in radioactive environments and to the emergence of human radiobiology as a field of study. - No known restrictions on images made by the U.S. Government; images copied from other sources may be restricted. Starting in 1979, the company underwent an extensive reorganization. The United States Radium Company was a notorious resident of Orange. "[14], The victims were so contaminated that radiation can still be detected at their graves, using a Geiger counter. Once they have been promoted to the conduction band by the radiation, the electrons move to positively charged activator sites (e.g., copper, manganese, or silver impurities). The Safety Light Corporation, in turn, was sold to its management and spun off as an independent entity in 1982. Radioactive Materials / Other Materials of Interest. Other materials require appointments for later the same day or in the future. 0000077441 00000 n Colgate & Company Jersey City Plant, Between 1931 Pierhead Line, Essex, York, & Montgomery Streets, Jersey Ford Motor Company Edgewater Assembly Plant, Substation, 309 River Road, Edgewater, Bergen County, NJ. However, the most popular use for radium was in the making of clocks. 4 0 obj Early settlers found a profuse growth of hemlock trees, an ideal supply of tannic acid for the tanning industry, and boot and shoe-making factories soon flourished. The original practice of using the mouth to put a point on a brush is described as follows by Robley Evans: "In painting the numerals on a fine watch, for example, an effort to duplicate the shaded script numeral of a professional penman was made. Us Radium Corp. trans by Alfson, Marymitter Documentation Compiled After. Us Radium Corp is a superfund site located at Alden And High Sts And Other Addresses, Orange, NJ 07050. In a case of bad judgment, he failed to patent the idea. 5[k80{:u/IcY:b-vqN}(cot[lo5ynt}.{r_1\ %PDF-1.4 % To provide the best experiences, we use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information. The young women got horribly and gruesomely sick. Price lists, contact information, and order forms are available on the Osteyee's Great Radium Spring Water Company incorporated May 1915 in Albany, New York. error404,theme-capri,qode-core-2.1.1,select-core-2.1.1,woocommerce-no-js,ajax_fade,page_not_loaded,,capri-ver-3.3, vertical_menu_background_opacity, vertical_menu_with_scroll,smooth_scroll,fade_push_text_top,paspartu_enabled,woocommerce_installed,blog_installed,wpb-js-composer js-comp-ver-6.4.2,vc_responsive. Eventually all of the trolleys, and the buses that replaced them, became part of the sprawling Public Service Coordinated Transport System. Ultimately, it is the researcher's obligation to assess copyright or other use restrictions and obtain permission from third parties when necessary before publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in the Library's collections. We produce small batches of fresh beer for Starved Rock. 1939 - Feb 1951. Equally important, scientific investigation of these dial painters, and of other victims of radium poisoning, led to the establishment of health standards used to protect workers in radioactive environments and to the emergence of human radiobiology as a field of study. [13] The company, it was alleged, deliberately delayed settling litigation, leading to further deaths. The company was originally established by brothers Charles and Gilbert LaBine as a gold mining enterprise in 1926, [2] but transitioned to focus on radium in the 1930s and uranium beginning in the 1940s. [3], The company struggled after World War I: the loss of military contracts sharply reduced demand for luminescent paint and dials, and in 1922, high-grade ore was discovered in Katanga, driving all U.S. suppliers out of business except U.S. Radium and the Standard Chemical Company. The old Radium Dial Company building became a meatpacking plant and then a farmer's co-op. and Photographs Reading Room to view the original item(s). But demand for luminescent products surged again during World War II; by 1942, it employed as many as 1,000 workers, and in 1944 was reported to have radium mining, processing, and application facilities in Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania; Bernardsville, New Jersey; Whippany, New Jersey; and North Hollywood, California as well as New York City. While the radium-zinc sulfide mixture could be placed directly in glass vial and used, a paint had to include some sort of adhesive, e.g., lacquer or gum binder. In November 1928, Dr. von Sochocky, the inventor of the radium-based paint, died of aplastic anemia resulting from his exposure to the radioactive material, "a victim of his own invention. to. site of the original radium company city of orange | 50827 post-template-default,single,single-post,postid-50827,single-format-standard,theme-capri,qode-core-2.1.1,select-core-2.1.1,woocommerce-no-js,ajax_fade,page_not_loaded,,capri-ver-3.3, vertical_menu_with_scroll,smooth_scroll,fade_push_text_top,paspartu_enabled,woocommerce_installed,blog . Local history has always been very important to the City of Orange Township's residents. Orange became notable for the Radium Girls lawsuit brought against the company in 1927. [Photograph] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/nj1645/. the Prints and Photographs Reading Room. NUREG-1717, June 2001. The legacy of the Radium Girls can't be understated. Strontium had three major advantages over radium: a greater variety of luminescent colors were possible with strontium than radium, the gradual decrease in luminous intensity was minimal because strontium's beta particles did less damage to the zinc sulfide crystals that radium's alpha particles, and the photon (bremsstrahlung) emissions from strontium were less of a safety concern than the gamma rays from radium. If you have any technical or historically-related questions about the collection, or if you are interested in making a donation, contact Dr. Paul Frame via email. Hat-making was the essential industry, and can be traced to 1792. At that time, a typical activity for GTLS was 200 mCi. Their operations expanded tremendously when the United States entered World War I, and in 1917 they moved from Newark to Orange, New Jersey. Radium is highly radioactive. If only black-and-white ("b&w") sources are listed and you desire a copy showing The case was eventually settled in 1926 and several more suits were brought against the company in 1927 by Grace Fryer and Katherine Schaub. British Medical Research Council (1956) 0.2 uCi, Seelentag & Klotz, Germany (1959) 0.04 uCi 0.008 - 0.095 uCi, Seelentag & Schmier, Germany (1961) 0.014 uCi 0.002 - 0.885 uCi, Fitzsimmons (1972) 0.2 to 1.8 mrem per year with an average of 0.6 mrem per year, Moghissi and Carter (1975) 0.8 urem/27 uCi. April 3, 1872, Orange was officially incorporated as a city by an act of the New Jersey State Legislature. site of the original radium company city of orange. the Prints and Photographs Reading Room. It was delicate work, and radium-dial factories hired young women to do it. It concerned . [10] Tritium-illuminated signs were marketed under the name Isolite, which also became the name of new subsidiary to market and distribute Safety Light Corporation's products. Between 1950 and the 1990s, as a result of Interstate 280 and urban renewal programs, but primarily due to the major shift in growth from the cities to suburbs, Orange lost population so that 1990 it had declined to 29,000. Source: *National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. The building was the Ottawa High School from 1880 until 1916, when the high school moved to its present location. The company produced uranium from carnotite ore and eventually moved into the business of producing radioluminescent paint, and then to the application of that paint. Nevertheless, in the early 1950s the U.S. military began to use Sr-90 instead of Ra-226 in its radioluminous personnel and deck markers. 95, radium has not been used in radioluminescent watches since 1968, or in clocks since 1978 (these dates are approximate). The dead woman, and others who survived, became known as the first known victims of industrial radium poisoning. To contact Reference staff in the Prints and Photographs Reading Room, please use our Orange, NJ: Orange Publishing Company, 1956.). Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you. Orange, West Orange. Historic American Engineering Record, Creator, Eugene J Boesch, and Michael S Raber, Weinstein, Gerald, photographer. Prominent hatters, including the Stetsons, relied largely on Irish, German, and later Italian workers to staff their factories. Hatting peaked in the 1890s. By 1892, 21 firms were engaged in that trade, employing over 3,700 people in plants valued at nearly $1.1 million. A large amount of the contamination resulted from the mishandling of the original Radium Dial Company plant in Ottawa. Orange, West Orange. The author was D.W. Gregory. Photo(s): 3 | Data Page(s): 98 | Photo Caption Page(s): 2, Raber, Michael S - Alfson, Mary - Weinstein, Gerald - Flagg, Thomas R - Historic American Engineering Record - Boesch, Eugene J, Photo(s): 8 | Data Page(s): 16 | Photo Caption Page(s): 3, Photo(s): 89 | Data Page(s): 53 | Photo Caption Page(s): 7, Raber, Michael S - Turner Construction Company - Weinstein, Gerald - Pittsburgh Clay Products - Kahn, Albert - Hartz Mountain Industries, Incorporated - Flagg, Thomas R - Historic American Engineering Record - Cary, Brian, Photo(s): 20 | Data Page(s): 6 | Photo Caption Page(s): 3, Van Dolsen, Nancy - Alfson, Mary - Historic American Engineering Record - Strauss Bascule Bridge Company - Stokes, Christopher, Measured Drawing(s): 1 | Data Page(s): 38, Raber, Michael S - Weinstein, Gerald - Raber, Michael S. - Stewart, Robert C - Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company - Westinghouse Electric Company - Historic American Engineering Record. The Journal welcomes any information to improve their accuracy. The Orange Brewery was constructed in 1901 at a reported cost of $350,000. Finally, in May 1980, U.S. Radium created a new holding company, USR Industries, Inc., and merged itself into it.[9]. 0000001338 00000 n Other materials require appointments for later the same day or in the future. 0000005647 00000 n The light emitted by the paint is due to the radiation energy deposited in the luminescent crystals by alpha and/or beta particles. EPA and NJDEP encourage the public to review these documents to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the Site and Superfund activities that have been conducted at the Site. 0000001544 00000 n Building zone map. Radium-226 is an alpha emitter with a 1600 year half-life. During the 1920s, the radium paint was applied to clock and watch components in a variety of ways: painting it on with a brush, painting it with a pen or stylus, applying it with a mechanical press, and dusting. On March 13, 1860, Dr. William Pierson was elected as the first Mayor of the Town of Orange. Almost immediately, the new town began fragmenting into smaller independent communities primarily because of local disputes about the costs of establishing the new departments. Exposure rates to the head would be somewhat higher, possibly 5-10 times higher, because these are usually alarm clocks that would be positioned on a night stand near the head of the bed. United States Radium Corporation, Radium Crystallization Laboratory, 428 Alden Street, Orange, Essex County, NJ. Around 1920, a similar radium dial business, known as the Radium Dial Company, a division of the Standard Chemical Company, opened in Chicago. Radium Girls is also rare in that very few American movies have been made about the early 20th century struggles of female (or male) workers. The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network. U.S. Radium consolidated its operations in Manhattan in 1927, leasing out the Orange plant and selling off other property. The company was founded in 1914 in New York City, by Dr. Sabin Arnold von Sochocky and Dr. George S. Willis, as the Radium Luminous Material Corporation. |7pGoP]%P37`}! m2Las )S-,\5x7X\`=A{=7^{{nUp`V]aOr\2[sKvv1!{Kgx;Soo*RgQzqB]!.nmg^xyH=FL]! All tritium operations at the plant ceased by the end of 2007. Ra-228 is a beta emitter, but over time it decays into thorium-228 (1.9 year half-life), an alpha emitter. & Raber, M. S., Flagg, T. R. & Weinstein, G., photographer. 0 The factories ended up hiring mostly young women, aged anywhere from fifteen into their late twenties, to sit at desks and carefully paint The "M&E" later became a vital part of the Delaware, Lackawanna, & Western Railroad (DL&W) and survives today as NJ Transit's busy Morristown Line. Please do not ask about an appraisal as we do not attribute monetary values to items. In 1664, James conveyed the land to two proprietors, Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. site of the original radium company city of orangecharles upham daughters. difference between yeoman warders and yeoman of the guard; portland custom woodwork. 4 skeleton maps. advise you in both how to fill out a call slip and when the item can be served. Significance: The U.S. Radium Corporation site, including the surviving structural components dating to the period 1917-1926, were associated with nationally significant developments in health and safety standards, the ability of women reformers to secure protection for workers handling radioactive materials, and tools used to detect and measure radio-isotopes. Orange has made great strides with these resources and in the year 2000, for the first time in fifty years, Orange gained almost 3000 in population; reaching almost 33,000. For the next twenty-five years, to 2030, Orange is projected to continue to gain population. The City of Orange Township is supporting these positive forecasts with major planning initiatives to generate new housing and economic growth in the City. As we approach the 21st Century, Orange continues to rely on the strengths that have historically made it great location for residential and commercial development: a small-sized, densely populated, centrally located municipality with a highly efficient transportation network that links train, bus, and regional highway access. Perched on the brink of its brighter future, we hope that a look at Orange's past can provide some valuable lessons for the present and the future. 5:00 at 202-707-6394, and Press 3. (vi) 60 microcuries of promethium 147 per watch dial or 120 microcuries of promethium 147 per other timepiece dial (bezels when used shall be considered as part of the dial). Photograph. The following table comes from "The Use of Radium in Consumer Products," a 1968 publication of the US Public Health Service. (Some images display only as thumbnails outside Agency (EPA) during cleanup operations at the Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania Safety Light Corporation Superfund site. The City of Orange Township is approximately 2.2 square miles and is surrounded by the municipalities of East Orange, South Orange and West Orange. The City historically contained two marsh land areas bounded by the North side of Main Street, between Day Street and South Harrison Street, stretching to Highland Avenue and both sides of Irvington along South Center Street. Their responses are included when available. City of Orange, CA 300 E. Chapman Ave. Orange, CA 92866 Phone: (714) 744-2225. New Jersey Orange Essex County, 1968. In 1666, 30 of New Haven's Puritan Congregationalist families took the perilous journey by water to found "a town on the Passayak" River in order to escape religious persecution. The higher the activity of the radium-226 (and the brighter the luminescence) the faster the deterioration. The former U.S. Radium Corporation facility, which covers 2 acres in the City of Orange, Essex County, New Jersey, is a former radium-processing plant where extraction, production, application, and distribution took place from about 1915 through 1926. 0000001816 00000 n ,mW(|{JQ?_-b[f83EuW~-/[n m;}~VG*dG@pOKoxb-FF6pF .O#\8l;jeZpicmRWb-X As such, the H-3 activities in GTLS might be higher than those in paint, but the resulting doses are somewhat lower. (iii) 15 millicuries of tritium per dial (bezels when used shall be considered as part of the dial). Do you have additional information, photographs, or personal histories related to this site? <]>> Note: Addresses and approximate coordinates derived from government documentation, property records, interviews, and/or other resources. Sr-90 has not, at least to my knowledge, been used in timepieces. [15][16] From 1997 through 2005, the EPA remediated the site in a process that involved the excavation and off-site disposal of radium-contaminated material at the former plant site, and at 250 residential and commercial properties that had been contaminated in the intervening decades.