How did doctors justify using patients in public hospital wards as medical research subjects without obtaining their consent or offering them financial compensation? Literacy in History/Social Studies and Science: Anchor Standards Key Ideas and Details Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it; cite specific textual evidence when writing or speaking to support conclusions drawn from the text. Walter Nelson-Rees the geneticist who tracked and published the names of the cell lines contaminated with HeLa without first warning the researchers he exposed. 8. From a single, abbreviated life grew a seemingly immortal line of cells that made some of the most crucial innovations in modern science possible. Why was he surprised that he had Elsies records in particular? More information about Elsie Lacks is available in Chapter 33 of The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, titled The Hospital for the Negro Insane.. What is important to him? 5. What was George Geys position at Johns Hopkins? How did Deborah react after reading about her mothers death? Where They Are Now/Afterword 1. 3. American Review changed its name for a third time and expanded its Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. What stereotype or bias might this assumption be based upon? Compare and contrast the different attitudes the white and black Lacks family members held about race. 3. The Hospital for the Negro Insane 2001. One of the arguments against giving people legal ownership of their tissues is summarized in the following quote from David Korn, vice provost for research at Harvard University: I think people are morally obligated to allow their bits and pieces to be used to advance knowledge to help others. In Elsie's medical record is a photo of her looking unkempt and crying, which a white woman's hand around her throat. Continue to start your free trial. How was Day related to Henrietta? 6. What events led to it being developed? 7. Chester Southam cancer researcher who conducted unethical experiments to see whether or not HeLa could infect people with cancer. 9. 8. This institution was opened as an insane asylum in 1878, and was closed to patients in 1992. 2. How did TeLinde, Gey, and others at Johns Hopkins respond to Bergs request? How did the scientific community respond to Gartlers theory about HeLa contamination? and culture. Analyze the cultural and historic events that have influenced, or would influence, these interpretations. 5. 3. Until this point, all of Geys attempts to grow a human cell line had ended in failure, but Henriettas cells were different: they never died. 5. Compare the medical terms describing Elsies condition with the terms used by Henriettas friends and family. Explain why this moment is significant. As Skloot tenaciously worked to gain Deborahs trust, Deborah struggled to understand what had happened to her mother and her mothers cells. Craft and Structure Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze how an author uses and refines the meaning of a key term or terms over the course of a text (e.g., how Madison defines faction in Federalist No. Analyze Johns Hopkinss official response to Wyches letter. Check out our revolutionary side-by-side summary and analysis. He ended up abusing Deborah.Gary LacksGladyss son and Deborahs cousin. Any BILLING QUESTIONS should be He and his wife, Ethel, moved in with Day after Henriettas death to helptake care of the children. Deborah is already a little distressed because it's mother's day and her son Alfred is in jail, but he told her that she needs to find out whatever he can about the missing members of their family. 3. Craft and Structure Interpret words and phrases as they are used in a text, including determining technical, connotative, and figurative meanings, and analyze how specific word choices shape meaning or tone. 3. Margaret Sturdivant Henriettas cousin and confidante. This section became known as Lacks Town.Alfred Cheetah CarterDeborahs first husband. One of the important issues raised by Skloots book is the ethics of journalism. Using her summary as an outline, examine the evolution of laws concerning tissue research and write a persuasive paper on the issue of whether or not people should be given legal ownership of, and/or control over, their tissues. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks is her first book. It is given the name HeLa after the first two initials of Henriettas first and last names.1951 Henrietta Lacks dies of an unusually aggressive strain of cervical cancer.1952 HeLa cells become the first living cells shipped via postal mail.1952 The Tuskegee Institute opens the first HeLa factory, supplying cells to laboratories and researchers and operating as a nonprofit. 5. 5. Deborah and Zakariyya accompanied Skloot to visit Lengauer at Hopkins in order to see the HeLa cells. This section is known as Lacks Town. How is he connected to both Henrietta Lacks and George Gey? 2. How did Deborahs death change the lives of her brothers? She was institutionalized due to epilepsy and died at age 15. Why did Deborah choose not to request a copy of her mothers medical records? She is the department chair for language arts at Tri-Cities High School, an urban public high school in southwest Atlanta. Explain how a neutralization test is used to determine a vaccines efficacy. 4. His casual remark sparked Skloots interest, and led to a research project that would take over a decade to complete. In your own words, explain the paradox benevolent deception. 4. The Lacks family suffers a number of deaths and misfortunes. What are the connotations of the term home-house? Determine two or more central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they interact and build on one another to provide a complex analysis; provide an objective summary of the text. Analyze the ways in which Skloots style exemplifies the writers rule of show, dont tell as she develops the characters of Henrietta, Deborah, George Gey, or other key figures in the book. Henrietta Lacks was a mother of five in Baltimore, a poor African American migrant from the tobacco farms of Virginia, who died from a cruelly aggressive cancer at the age of 30 in 1951. Analyze how and why individuals, events, or ideas develop and interact over the course of a text. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Teachers Guide, certain categories of personal information, discloses, sells, or shares certain personal information. What do these interactions reveal about their attitudes toward religious faith? Based on the results of the second study, what two things did Southam believe that injections of HeLa cells might be able to do? Roland Pattillo professor of gynecology at Morehouse School of Medicine who was one of George Geys only African American students. Even more miraculously, there was a record for Elsie Lacks. 5. 7. Despite Deborahs clear shock, she insisted she still wanted Her investigation of the true story behind HeLa eventually led her to form significantand in some cases, life-changingrelationships with the surviving members of the Lacks family, especially Henriettas daughter, Deborah. Analyze the last paragraphs of this chapter. Shortly after, Deborah has a stroke in church, and is saved by the ingenuity of her grandson Davon. She was trained as a surgical nurse.Mary KubicekGeorge Geys lab assistant who cultured HeLa cells for the first timeRichard Wesley TeLinde one of the top cervical cancer experts in the country at the time of Henriettas diagnosis.His research involved taking tissue samples from Henrietta and other cervical cancerpatients at Johns Hopkins.Roland Pattillo professor of gynecology at Morehouse School of Medicine who was one of George Geys only AfricanAmerican students. What was Elsies early life like? Central to this narrative is the relationship between Skloot and Deborah. Deborah is prepared, however, and hands him legal documents showing her relationship to Elsie. According to State Attorney General Louis Lefkowitz, what do people have an inalienable right to? 7. WebHenrietta Lacks by foregrounding Elsie, whose absent presence appears in only twelve to fifteen pages of the entire book, even though her story offers a powerful indictment of the Do you feel that it is an appropriate response? What reason did Ethel and Galen give for moving in with Day after Henriettas death? What does Skloot realize after watching the BBC documentary about HeLa? He warned Deborah that Crownsville in the 40s and 50s, when it was called the Hospital for the Negro Insane, had not been a good place. WebElsie stayed at a place that was known as The Hospital for the Negro Insane in which she was put there because of her diagnosis of epilepsy in that case Skloot and Deborah decided to go get the autopsy report and her medical records to get a background of what occurred inside of that place and what they found was horrifying. She was a poor black tobacco farmer whose cellstaken without her knowledge in 1951became one of the most important tools in medicine, vital for developing the polio vaccine, cloning, gene mapping, in vitro fertilization, and more. What subjective conclusions can you make about Mama Speed based on the objective details on page 72? At what point could compensation become coercive? The author uses several similes to describe cells. As children, they worked the tobacco fields together.Crazy Joe GrinnanHenriettas cousin who competed unsuccessfully with Day for her affectionDavon MeadeDeborahs grandson who often lived with and took care of herEthelGalens wife, an abusive caregiver to Henriettas three youngest childrenFred GarretHenriettas cousin who convinced Day and Henrietta to move to Turner StationGalen Henriettas cousin. What is their position on suing over the use of HeLa? Did Gey benefit or profit in any way from his participation in the research studies? Craft and Structure Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone (e.g., how the language of a court opinion differs from that of a newspaper). 12. 6. What did Deborah hope would happen as a result of the BBC documentary? 5. To develop this structure, Skloot used both works of fiction and films as models, and lists the novel Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe and the film Hurricane as sources of inspiration as she organized her own book. Analyze the significance of chapter and section breaks in the book. Skloot had promised to help Deborah find information on her sister Elsie. The television show Law & Order produced an episode titled Immortal that closely parallels many aspects of Skloots book. 6. Required fields are marked *. She also explores the birth and life of the immortal cell line HeLa, and shows how research involving HeLa has changed the landscape of medical research, leading to not only scientific and medical breakthroughs, but also new and evolving policies concerning the rights of patients and research subjects. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. She does not allow Rebecca to photocopy the documents, so Rebecca must go through each one individually. Henrietta went to her house after radiation treatments at Johns Hopkins. Davons mother. Gey was conducting experiments in an attempt to create an immortal line of human cells that could be used in medical research. 7. Analyze in detail how an authors ideas or claims are developed and refined by particular sentences, paragraphs, or larger portions of a text (e.g., a section or chapter). What do the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and the Mississippi Appendectomies suggest about the history of African Americans and medicine? Contrast the rhetorical structure and narrative strategies used in the television episode with those in Skloots book. 11. The next day, Deborah's hives have improved slightly but she decides to visit a doctor anyway. Henrietta was diagnosed with cervical cancer shortly after his birth. Lengauer thanked them for coming and acknowledged how difficult it must have been for Deborah and Zakariyya to come into a Hopkins lab. Chapter 38. Where did Southam find test subjects for his second research study? Dayle Delancey, a professor in the Department of Medical History and Bioethics, published a 2009 paper called How Could It Not Be Haunted? The Haunted Hospital as Historical Record and Ethics Referendum., In this work, Delancey states that, Medical ethicists and medical historians might be tempted to dismiss these depictions as mere vagaries of popular culture, but that would be an unfortunate oversight because haunted hospital lore memorializes historical claims of patient abuse, neglect, and maltreatment.. As the official publication of the Division on Black American 5. Currently, the journal prints essays on African American 4. The way the content is organized, LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in. Common Core Standards English Language Arts 11-12:Key Ideas and Details Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text, including determining where the text leaves matters uncertain. How long did Henrietta wait between first telling her girlfriends that something didnt feel right and going to the doctor? Chapter Thirty-Eight: The Long Road to Clover 1. Explain your answer. How are Gladys and Gary related to Deborah? Your email address will not be published. Deborah paces and talks rapidly about the things that have been done to her mother's cells - they've been shot into space, injected into prisoners, infected with HIV. Analyze a complex set of ideas or sequence of events and explain how specific individuals, ideas, or events interact and develop over the course of the text. Despite Deborahs clear shock, she insisted she still wanted to go to the Maryland State Records Archive to see if Elsies medical records had survived. How does Skloot use transitions to develop continuity between sections that do not appear in chronological order? The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks essays are academic essays for citation. What happened to the HeLa cells that Mary cultured? Describe the way that Deborah and Zakariyya interact with their mothers cells. Deborah tells Rebecca she has just witnessed a miracle. In 1992, African Pattillo described how Elsie was frequently used for medical experiments without informed consent or proper consideration for her well-being, similar to what happened with her mother Henrietta's cells. What did Cofield do when he realized that the Lacks family had blocked his access to their family records? Lengauer then showed Deborah and Zakariyya how to look at the cells under a microscope. 2. Deborah shoves Rebecca into a wall, and Rebecca tells her to back off. Why do you think Henrietta initially chose not to tell people about her cancer diagnosis? Why are HeLa cells able to live beyond the Hayflick limit? Chapter Four: The Birth of HeLa 1. What does Cootie think about the reason that HeLa cells were used to develop a polio vaccine? 3. Instant PDF downloads. There were no further records concerning Elsie in Annapolis, so Deborah and Skloot drove on to Clover. Rebecca remembers when Deborah said that heaven must look like Clover, Virginia. She is the Founder and President of the Henrietta Lacks Foundation. Alexis Carrel French surgeon and Nobel Prize recipient who claimed to have cultured immortal chicken-heart cells. According to Deborah and Pullum, how is Henriettas story going to be different for Henriettas great-grandchildren and future generations? Why did scientists find the Moore lawsuit deeply troubling? 6. 5. In the midst of the ceremony, Pullum pulls Rebecca up on the pulpit, saying that she has come to make sense of Henrietta's cells. Do you agree with the courts ruling? Her penchant for always having a book nearby has never faded, though her reading tastes have since evolved. 7. 3. The Journals Division publishes 85 journals in the arts and humanities, technology and medicine, higher education, history, political science, and library science. 6. 5. Additionally, given the medical miracles accomplished with Henrietta's cells, Gary believes that Henrietta was an angel or spiritual being sent by God. Explain the meaning of the idiom the other side of the tracks. 2. What scientific discoveries were made possible as a result of fused hybrid cells? Chapter Thirty-Five: Soul Cleansing 1. Why didnt Henriettas family know that her cells were still alive? Determine an authors point of view or purpose in a text in which the rhetoric is particularly effective, analyzing how style and content contribute to the power, persuasiveness or beauty of the text. Elsie Lacks (born Lucille Elsie Pleasant) Henriettas second born and eldest daughter. Skloot would later learn that doctors had performed experiments on Crownsville patients without their consent. Why do you think Deborah tells Skloot that she just witnessed a miracle? 7. 7. 5. He also tells Deborah that her mother's cancer was caused by a virus, so she is unlikely to develop the same disease herself. All Thats My Mother 2001. George Geyhead of tissue-culture research at Johns Hopkins. 5. The Press is home to the largest journal publication program of any U.S.-based university press. Sadie Sturdivant Margarets sister, Henriettas cousin and confidante. Cootie seems to know and understand a little bit about HeLa cells, but he believes that Henriettas spirit is still present in her cells. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. What simile does Donald Defler use to describe mitosis? What information about her mother was Deborah unwilling to share with Skloot? What conclusion did they draw about George Gey and Johns Hopkins? Cite specific court cases and/or current events. due to epilepsy and died at age fifteen. Why did scientists want to fuse human and animal cells? As she lay on the operating table, a sample of her cancerous cervical tissue was taken without her knowledge or consent and given to Dr. George Gey, the head of tissue research. What new perspective did she gain after these experiences? 9. As an attorney, Rina cant help analyzing and deconstructing arguments in any book she reads. 9. Chapter Eight: A Miserable Specimen 1. Susan Hsu the post-doctoral student in Victor McKusicks lab who was assigned to make contact with the Lackses and request samples from them for genetic testing without informed consent. Eliza Lacks Why would HeLa contamination be a problem for researchers? What controversial beliefs did Carrell have? Elsie Lacks, Henriettas youngest child, had been committed to Crownsville Hospital Center for alleged cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and a diagnosis of idiocy (273). 4. on 50-99 accounts. 7. 5. How have laws regarding medical privacy changed since the early 1980s? 9. Describe Skloots visit to the Lacks family cemetery. Determine central ideas or themes of a text and analyze their development; summarize the key supporting details and ideas. 4. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. bob pantano dance party radio, dodge charger police car problems, michael anderson death,