Multiculturalism can be viewed as an umbrella term which incorporates within it a variety of shades of meanings, attitudes, beliefs, norms and values, and it is subject to different interpretations and applications [24]. stream Religion is another important institution in the cultural life of not only the African people, but also others in almost all the continents worldwide. /ItalicAngle 0 Cybersecurity is an essential aspect of the digital world, and one of the ways to safeguard sensitive information is through cryptography. 9 0 obj /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] Prozac vs. Zoloft: Whats the Difference? The needs of these people are different, and so is their demand for traditional counseling. /Contents 60 0 R The performance of rituals revolves around a deeper understanding, or involves an appreciable level of indigenous knowledge, social skills, and competences. Terms of use /Resources 125 0 R /op false Inadvertently, any form of counseling is multicultural in nature, essentially because of the sociocultural plurality and diversity of the people involved in the counseling interactions. >> Because all sessions are conducted Besides, it is a cultural expression. 21 0 obj /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] It is plausible to postulate that both natural spirits and ancestral spirits are important factors in the etiology of human disease causation and the practice of traditional herbal medicine. The benefits determined to be enjoyed from these interventions were improved states of happiness and decreases in depressive symptoms. Its much easier to gain skills and keep them updated. The social interpretation of witchcraft is that evil and misfortune is embodied in the person of a witch. >> It can be viewed from a dimensional context: on one hand are traditional forms of counseling practiced from an Afrocentric perspective, and on the other, modern forms of counseling practiced from a Eurocentric perspective. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] /Resources 100 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] Therapy for veterans People in different cultures and societies globally have distinct ways of assisting those experiencing social, psychological, behavioral, emotional, familial, spiritual, and physical, problems. Contact our London head office or media team here. endobj /Rotate 0 Ritualism is a common feature in contemporary society; and many people practice rituals as part of their sociocultural norm or religious service, and a symbol of traditional heritage. /Parent 1 0 R >> 36 0 obj 3 0 obj /Rotate 0 This blends well with the meta-theoretical approach of multiculturalism. The initiation rituals at puberty are more pronounced for girls than boys, primarily because of the physiological implications and gender role responsibilities that separate girls from boys. Witchcraft is an enduring belief and occurs throughout central and southern Africa, among rural and urban populations alike. >> Here are four advantages of online therapy that Quintin says you just cant beat: 1) Greater selection of therapists. Communication, as a medium of dialog, is at the center of the process of traditional counseling, all other elements stem from, and revolve around it, and it is multidimensional. You wont need to give your name. This observation permeates through modernity, and it is an expressed social behavior of many traditionalists in most African countries. endobj << /Parent 1 0 R WebWhat are the Advantages of Individual Counselling? It could add an extra two hours or more to your day if there isnt a therapists office near your home or work. << Syncretism relates to a reconciliation, or fusion, of differing systems of belief, especially with partial success or heterogeneous result; totemism represents an emblem of a clan or family which is revered, such as its founder, ancestor or guardian; universalism refers to a common conception of the origin of the universe and people; and culturalism refers to traditional customs, norms and values enshrined in a particular society that defines its beliefs and practices [16,17]. The theoretical framework of traditional counseling is supported by multicultural theory, which promotes a systematic integration of numerous theoretical concepts based on the complexity of human experience and sociocultural, situational, and environmental factors. Try Online Counseling: Get Personally Matched. /F1 37 0 R /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] /Type /Page Brief introduction to this section that descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective, Want to get in touch? It not only supplies accounts of the peoples origin, but also relates past precedents to current traditional beliefs, actions, and behaviors, which are conveyed to successive generations in perpetuity. endobj /Count 30 Thousands of people prefer this approach because they dont want to risk friends, family members or co-workers knowing they are going to therapy. In rural communities, large land areas are divided into chiefdoms under the command of Chiefs. Counselors who start their own practices may find the disadvantages seem overwhelming until they become better established and produce more billable hours. Convenient and secure online therapy from the comfort of your home, Psychiatric treatment from a licensed prescriber, Relationship-centered therapy that connects you and your partner, Specialized online therapy for ages 13-17. Her counsel is binding, and it cannot be disputed or challenged. This theoretical paradigm proposes that, in working with the individual client in any setting, it is necessary to understand how that client is embedded in his family and how the family is affected by being embedded in a pluralistic culture. /Resources 98 0 R /Type /ExtGState /Parent 1 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] Girls and boys are transformed at puberty from autonomous maturing people into a pool of social entities, whose role is to contribute to the reproduction and sustainability of the whole community, and to perpetuate genealogical continuity [5]. The emphasis is on collectivism over individualism, and collaborative relationships between the individual client, his family, and the community. /Parent 1 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] Situations that sometimes break the family apart, but Family counselling us a feasible option that can help build it back up again. Its also a big part of why in-person therapists need to charge so much. << /CapHeight 656 Free mental health tests Counselling has been developed for over 200 years and continues to evolve to adapt to modern societies: people of all ages, gender, sexual status, religion, cultural backgrounds, have all dealt at some point in their lives some psychological and behavioural issues that may be /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] Advantages and Disadvantages of Guidance and Counselling Therefore, multicultural theory can adequately inform the theory and practice of traditional counseling, when the Afrocentric perspective is integrated. How Long Does It Take for Zoloft to Work? This process not only empowers young people with relevant attitudes and knowledge, but also enhances their social competences and skills to handle similar issues when they grow into adulthood as valuable members of the community. /Flags 6 /Contents 126 0 R 2)For better personnel development. Online counseling endobj Ritual ceremonies are an embodiment of the African cultural life, and a symbol of traditional values, beliefs, customs, and practices. Couples therapy 16 0 obj This poses sociocultural challenges that will be difficult to contain in the coming generations. The theoretical orientations espoused by different proponents arise from the plurality of modern counseling practice, problem contextualization, and anticipated counseling process outcomes. 34 0 obj /StemV 0 The term counseling is used to describe a variety of different activities. << endobj This chapter discusses the theoretical perspective of traditional counseling from an African context. /Contents 34 0 R Cybersecurity is an essential aspect of the digital world, and one of the ways to safeguard sensitive information is through cryptography. All these views are correct. This is the penultimate initiation ceremony, at puberty; the onset of adolescence. Ruminate on how each pro and con meshes with your preferences and needs. If you dont like talking as a way of expressing feelings and addressing mental health issues, in-person psychotherapy is not for you. The disadvantages of individual therapy include: Cost. Each person must be invested in themselves for cognitive behavioral therapy to work. Magic is the umbrella term and is categorized, according to whether its application is for offensive, defensive, divination, or communication purposes, given that witchcraft is derived from the same empowering herbal medicines which can be used for personal protection, such as from bewitchment, for public common good, such as divination and traditional herbal treatments, and for evil, such as placating bad luck, inducing physical illness or causing mysterious death. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] The collective wisdom of Africans is that elderly people are generally regarded as a valuable resource in the community. If you are in a life threatening situation dont use this site. Simon George Taukeni. The broad and inclusive understanding of culture is that there are various factors that define a peoples culture. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] /Resources 115 0 R endobj If he or she asks what its for, you might not be comfortable telling him or her its for therapy. /Resources 106 0 R endobj Counseling, as casual but purposeful contact and interaction between people, has an origin as ancient as the genesis of humankind. These avenues are important, not only for sustainable social integration and the perpetuation of cultural identity, for the common good of the society and individual wellbeing, but also for the practice of traditional forms of counseling, at the various levels of contact. In many instances, orphaned children have to be supported and cared for by extended family members or grandparents. Most counseling theories have tended to focus on the individual, giving minimal attention to contextual issues and sociocultural values, customs and practices. Counselling Therapeutic Approaches; Advantages and Most concerns or problem situations affecting an individual are initially dealt with at the family level. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] For those who disclose they are are going to therapy, there is the risk of supervisors or co-workers judging or not understanding. endobj Commuting to an office during business hours can be difficult. In many traditional belief systems in Africa, mental health problems, bad luck, and sudden or mysterious deaths, are attributed to either the influence of ancestral spirits or bewitchment [19]. 28 0 obj /Type /Page There is no correct or incorrect choice when it comes to the issue of in-person vs. online therapy. The culture of people in any human society is partly determined by their belief and value systems which influence the pattern of their social behaviors and actions. The Pros and Cons of Online Therapy /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] Shes booked, maybe for months. Isolation of the initiands (both girls and boys being initiated) at puberty, whether for a few hours, days, weeks, or months, is unique, and it is practiced in both rural and urban communities alike. The key elements that inform the theoretical framework of traditional counseling from an African perspective are (Figure 2): cultural context, collective belief system, and initiation rituals [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11]. >> Each culture has something of value to offer or learn from another culture in contemporary society. When therapists practice psychotherapy in an office, there is inevitably some downtime. 24 0 obj /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] There is no specific timeframe for individual sessions in traditional counseling, but the traditional counselor applies intuition to determine the most appropriate timing for each session, depending on prevailing circumstances and conditions in each case. << This view is supported by Ampim [7], who states that, an elder is someone who is given the highest status in African culture, because she has lived a life of purpose, and there is nothing more respected than living a purposeful life [] she is a living model for the other groups in the society to emulate (p.2). /Type /Page The traditional counseling process is largely influenced by traditional counselor competences which are fourfold. The epicenter of these functions is mostly the church and community, and religious gatherings constitute a formidable social network that is perceived as desirable and relevant to peoples social life. /Parent 1 0 R 8 0 obj /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] Being traditional does not mean static or unchangeable, but rather, in keeping with the original sense of the term, it means that the living experience of cultural customs and practices is handed down from one successive generation to another in perpetuity. Ethnic affiliations are perceived as an important aspect of individual and group identity formulations, whereby disadvantaged or underprivileged groups are deemed disempowered politically, rendered poor economically, and disenfranchised socially. Traditional systems of knowledge deemed essential for each generation are passed on successively to the next generation by elderly people who do not only have the necessary wisdom and experience, but are also adorned with social competences and skills. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] Traditional counseling has always been part of the fabric of all human cultures and societies, present in the very midst of peoples and communities worldwide, from time immemorial. The basic assumption about ritualism is that it can be interpreted in many different ways and has variable functions. When behavior changes are disconcerting, especially during pubescence and senescence, for instance, they affect attitudes toward the changes unfavorably. Multiculturalism recognizes the interplay of the cultural influence between the counselor and client and how those influences determine or affect the counseling process outcomes. What seems to be central to their traditional healing practice is the determination of physical illness, and a ritualistic approach to resolving some of the problems presented to them, especially in the context of extrasensory phenomenal concerns and richness enhancement. Counsellors are not Understanding the sociocultural context of a clients behavior and belief system is an essential psychological ingredient for the accurate assessment, amelioration, and management of problem situations presented by clients.
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